Violência, narcisismo e laço social na contemporaneidade: uma leitura psicanalítica sobre o fenômeno do bullying entre adolescentes

Abstract

The present work aims to investigate how adolescents victims of intentional and repetitive aggressions, called bullying, subjectively elaborate the experience of this type of violence in contemporary times. The methodology adopted was the case study in psychoanalysis, with clinical assistance to adolescents who considered themselves the target of the phenomenon of bullying in two contexts: in the office and in a public school in Salvador / Bahia. From the psychoanalytic theory of Freud and Lacan, the concept of adolescence was defined as a moment of crossing between childhood and adulthood, in which, besides bodily pubertal changes and the encounter with sex, the displacement of the representatives of the Other was emphasized in their migration from the ‘parental Other’ to the ‘social Other’, since, in the phenomenon of bullying, the ‘social Other’ exerts great influence through the look and signifiers of peers. This phenomenon was read based on Freud-Lacanian psychoanalysis from the concepts of narcissism, mirror stage and Schema L. The context of contemporary society marked by consumerism, individualism and narcissism, which resulted in permissiveness, the flattening of hierarchies, the increase of the narcissistic image and the spectacularization of life, was set based on a sociological, philosophical and psychoanalytical reading. About the phenomenon in question, it was possible to reflect on the use of the term bullying in current discourse, since it is currently applied to several behaviours that go beyond the limit of its formal definition, trivializing its use. Such discursive practice is related to the contemporary context of victimization of the individual. Regarding the results obtained, it was considered that the capitalist discourse contributes to the increase in violence in schools, predatory relationships and the difficulty in tolerating differences and otherness. In addition, the culture of narcissism gives primacy to the recording of the look, in which the subjects alternate on the basis of desire and discomfort in being seen by the other. Thus, bullying, as a violence directed at the subjects' narcissism, is considered a contemporary symptom.