Desindustrialização e reindustralização: o papel do Estado na adoção de políticas industriais /

Abstract

In an international scenario of high competitiveness between firms, the industrial segment in Brazil has been neglected for more than four decades, suffering a process of shrinkage and, as a consequence, leading Brazil to lose competitiveness on the international stage. This research aims to discuss deindustrialization in the context of the fourth industrial revolution, based on new technologies and changes in the socio-environmental agenda. It also aims to understand the importance of the Brazilian state's efforts to curb deindustrialization by promoting reindustrialization, looking at the attempts that have been made at other times in Brazil's history. Having said this, it can be seen that countries responsible for production that demands greater technological mastery appropriate a greater share of the Value Added of this production, thus generating comparative advantages. Therefore, Brazil, an important market player in Latin America, cannot fall short in the production and dissemination of Science, Technology and Innovation - ST&I. To this end, we sought to draw a parallel between past attempts at industrial policy, taking the period from 2002 to 2014 as a cut-off point. To do this, we took into account the need to change the energy matrix, bringing up the debate on how this reindustrialization should take place and how to attract investments in this direction, mainly to deconcentrate these investments, developing other regions of the country. In this way, Bahia is included in this research as an illustration of the decentralization of national industry, given its comparative advantages, especially in the generation of clean energy