Abandono de mulheres negras encarceras no conjunto penal feminino de Salvador-BA e o processo de reinserção social

Abstract

The purpose of this paper was to analyze the incidence of abandonment of black women incarcerated in the Women's Penal Complex in Salvador - BA, looking at the process of implementation, maintenance and usefulness of prisons from an intersectional perspective. The abandonment of black women in prison is something that recurs, not only in the Penal Complex that this work analyzes, but in prisons in general. While the class and race factors play a decisive role in mass incarceration, the gender factor has an additional weight in the abandonment of inmates. When the three factors are combined, they comprise the most frequent form of violence against the individual at the bottom of the social pyramid: black women. This research was structured around a bibliographical review of punitive society; the emergence of punishments and prisons; the maintenance of deprivation of liberty and its effectiveness (or not); the place of black women in Brazilian society and prisons and the situation of abandonment and loneliness experienced by imprisoned women. In addition to the bibliographical research, six inmates were interviewed at the Women's Penal Complex in Salvador - BA, and we worked on the life stories of two of them, who are the co-authors of this work. The history of prisons in the world, in America and in Brazil was first brought up. This is followed by the reformist and punitive ideals of the society in which we live, together with statistical data on Brazilian prisons, the profile of the prison population, the effectiveness (or otherwise) of the punitive system and the implementation of the state's necropolitics, and is structured around the conditions in which black women live in the process of imprisonment from an intersectional perspective. Finally, we present the importance of the family and the state in social reintegration, the abandonment of these women and the cases of abandonment in the Salvador - BA Women's Penal Complex. The research found that the abandonment of women in situations of deprivation of liberty by their families and the state has a direct impact, especially on black women who are traversed by the racism, sexism and male chauvinism that exist in society, and which often compromises the process of social reintegration.