Pra eu e pra mim fazer: traços sociodialetais nas capitais brasileiras

Abstract

This thesis analyzes the behavior of the personal pronouns eu and mim, in subject position, preceded by the preposition para, in contexts such as Isto é para eu fazer and Isto é para mim fazer, in Brazilian capital cities. The aim is to verify the variation between eu (a prestigious form) and mim (a stigmatized form) and the possible influences of intra- and/or extralinguistic factors that may or may not condition variable use, such as: diatopic, social, linguistic and historical factors, which can shape language and sometimes interfere with use. The theoretical and methodological foundations are Dialectology, with an emphasis on the multidimensional geolinguistic method - and Variationist Sociolinguistics. Thus, it is believed that the structure para/pra+eu/mim+infinitivo has a behavior that can show different profiles, whether dialectal/horizontal or sociolinguistic/vertical. The corpora of analysis for the study were collected from oral samples of Brazilian Portuguese (BP) in the 1970s and 1990s, data from the Project for the Study of Adult Urban Linguistic Norms of Brazil - NURC Project - and, in the 2000s, data from the Linguistic Atlas of Brazil Project - ALiB Project. Based on two important databases on the Portuguese language spoken on Brazilian soil, the different methodological criteria stand out: i. NURC Project: 307 surveys, based on the Dialogues between Informant and Documenter (DID); Dialogues between two informants (D2); and Formal Elocutions (EF); 342 informants, from five capitals - Recife, Salvador, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Porto Alegre -, belonging to the age groups I - 25 to 35 years; II - 36 to 55 years; and III - 56 years onwards, all with a university degree; ii. ALiB Project: 200 surveys, based on the entire Questionnaire (COMITÊ NACIONAL..., 2001), especially question 023 of the Morphosyntactic Questionnaire (QMS); 200 informants, from the 25 capital cities, belonging to age groups I - 18 to 30 years - and II - 50 to 65 years; with primary and university education. After a wide-ranging literature review from different perspectives - grammatical, generative, sociocognitive, sociolinguistic and dialectological - on the phenomenon being analyzed, listening to the audios and consulting the graphemic transcriptions, the occurrences were coded and submitted to analysis using the statistical program Goldvarb X (SANKOFF; TAGLIAMONTE; SMITH, 2005). The data submitted to this analysis showed that the distribution on the horizontal axis, in terms of location, is a relevant factor for understanding and comprehending this phenomenon in BP. Thus, with regard to the vertical axis, although the mim form - stigmatized, associated with "error" and attributed to the indigenous spoken language - is documented in all capitals, regardless of level of education, it can be seen that university-educated informants in both corpora tend to use the prestige form. In addition, a linguistic factor - the syntactic function of the infinitive clause - also influence the choices of pronouns under study. The results were laid out in five linguistic charts, with percentage data and relative weights, in order to demonstrate diatopic and diastratic variation, using criteria that make it easier to access and read the data, such as the representation of the not given; the insertion of QR-code in the charts, which will lead to their analysis on an open digital platform, aiming to make scientific work available to everyone, a fact that makes Brazilian geolinguistics a pioneer in this regard.