Ensino de sistemas embarcados baseado em projeto: exemplo aplicado à robótica

Abstract

This work aims to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively the perspective of engineering students regarding the application of active methodologies in the teaching of embedded systems, specifically Project Based Learning (PBL). The use of project-based or problem-based approaches aims to encourage students to give practical meaning to the concepts presented in class. The methodology presented here was applied in classes of the course ENGD33 - Real-Time Programming for Embedded Systems at the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) in the semesters 2021.2, 2022.1, and 2023.1. The course content was delivered through online lectures in 2021.2 and 2022.1 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with in-person classes resuming in 2023.1. Recorded video lectures, explanatory videos, and reference materials were provided. Data collection was conducted through two questionnaires, one administered at the beginning and another at the end of the ENGD33 course, involving a total of 46 students. The suggested project involves the development of firmware using the FreeRTOS real-time operating system for the STM32F401 microcontroller from STMicroelectronics, responsible for telemetry, teleoperation, and control functions of a three-wheeled omnidirectional mobile robotic base. Implementing these functions in firmware allows students to interact with sensors, actuate actuators, implement and use network and storage protocols, divide the project into tasks, and communicate data between these tasks. The choice of microcontroller is justified by the set of peripherals it possesses and the availability of protoboard compatible modules in the market. FreeRTOS is a widely used free real-time operating system among embedded systems developers. Kits assembled from commercially available electronic modules were provided. As a result, students generally had a positive reception towards the project process, presentation of course content, and the knowledge required to understand and carry out the project. The method of information transmission was considered interesting enough for students to follow the classes, assimilate the content, and become able to carry out the project, even if they did not feel capable with only previous knowledge.