Práticas utilizadas por mulheres durante o parto em um centro de parto normal

Abstract

The medicalization and the use of interventional therapies have transformed the parturition in a medical authority event, despite the nurses has occupied important places in care for pregnant women. There is evidences that many of the interventions used in childbirth are unnecessary as the caesarean, because do not contribute to favorable outcomes and they remove the woman’s protagonism. The high cesarean rates recorded in Brazil, has been concern’s motive, since it leads to a higher morbimortality of women. The encouragement to a natural childbirth led the Health Ministry to the creation of the Normal Birth Centers, through Ordinance No. 985/1999. In Salvador city, in Bahia, the first was implemented in 2011. Then, it wonders what are the practices used by women attending a Normal Birth Center during the childbirth. This paper aims to describe the practices used by women during childbirth in a Normal Labour and Birth Center. It treats of a descriptive and retrospective quantitative study, developed in a Normal Labour and Birth Center, located in the city of Salvador, Bahia. The data collection was performed using the book of attendance records of 806 women. The analysis was performed using the simple frequency. The results points that 43.9% of the childbirths were assisted by nurses, 34.4% by nurses and medical from health unit; most women were accompanied by their partners (58.6%), followed by the mother of the woman in labor (24.5%) and sisters (10.5%); the non-pharmacological methods of pain relief were used practically by all women, the most used were: sprinkling bath (66.5%), ambulation (63.1%), little horse (57.4%), Swiss ball (48.6%) and massage (41.4%); 84.2% of women did not use oxytocin to speed up labor. About the position at the childbirth moment, 4.5% of women gave birth in the lithotomy position. The realization of episiotomy occurred in 3% of the childbirth; 34.2% of the women did not have perineal laceration, 37.2% had first-degree lacerations and 1.2% occurred laceration third degree. The study indicates a relevant use of non-pharmacological methods of pain relief, can be observed that the women experience more than one of them during the labor and the lithotomy position, used daily in health institutions during delivery was not preferred by women. It is also noticed that the practices used by women in the Normal Labour and Birth Centre are in line with the recommendations of the World Health Organization, then these environments are important in encouraging the use of best practices in labor and birth