Infecções relacionadas à assistência em saúde de pacientes em tratamento intensivo no Brasil

Abstract

The health assistance related infection (HARI) is used when referring to associated infections health services such as hospitals, long-term care, facilities, ambulatory and home care. The World Health Organization (WHO) states that the HARI represent one of the major public health problems in the world and that 1,4 million people are risk of being infected at any time, in all countries. The aim of this study is to assess the scientific literature developed in the last ten years about epidemiology of health care-related infections in patients of intensive care unit from Brazil during the period from 2004 until 2013. This is a literature review study, descriptive/exploratory with quantitative and qualitative approach. The data collection was the secondary type, based on articles published by professionals in indexed journals in the Virtual Health Library (VHL). Studies show high rates of nosocomial infection in intensive care unit with significant differences between the hospital studied, being bigger in hospitals in the northeast region of the country, with the exception of Bahia. They identified that the most frequent infection among patients in intensive care was in the respiratory tract. Patients in intensive care are subjected to mechanical ventilation procedures what enhances the risk for acquiring hospital pneumonia. In relation to the isolated microorganisms in the studies reviewed were found more frequently: Staphylococcus Aureus, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Acinetobacter Baumannii. This study showed through an analysis of the theoretical Knowledge, the scientific theme of nosocomial infection is current an important for all healthcare.