A educação em saúde e a prática do enfermeiro da saúde da família: conhecendo a nossa realidade

Abstract

Introduction: The Family Health Strategy (FHS) is characterized by an emphasis on disease prevention and health promotion, in addition to bond with the community, being a privileged space for the execution of activities in health education. The relevance of these educational practices focuses on the fact that, besides being a right of every citizen to know the factors related to self-care, live, sicken and die, the knowledge is also essential for the individual has greater autonomy in their ways of conducting and producing health. Objective: To identify the practices of health education carried out by nurses of the FHS appurtenant of one of health districts in Salvador-Ba. Methodology: A qualitative research. Data were collected from: 1) the collection of records of educational activities relative the year 2009 founded at units for subsequent analysis; and 2) through semi-structured interviews, what has organized from analysis adapted of Bardin and the literature, this analysis resulted in the formation of the following themes: Theme 1: Educational Practices (Path methodological traveled by nurses; Involvement of users/community in educational activities; Relevance observed by nurses in their practice of health education) , and Theme 2: Reality Experienced by Nurses. Results: With regard to the analysis of documents available, it was found that the report Production and Markers for Evaluation (PME2) only includes the amount of educational activities carried out by bringing a productivity vision of work in the FHS. And books of records of the health family teams demonstrated that few activities are registered, so you can verify that each team makes its own way and that, even within their own, there is no standardization of how the activities should be registered. In interviews, it was identified that all nurses recognize the importance of health education, but could be observed activities with themes related to the disease and old educational methodologies. Some factors may affect negatively on educational practices, such as lack of support for the health district; precarious employment contracts; decreased community involvement and full of routine tasks and administrative assistants. Conclusion: It is understood that work with health education is complex and demands the study of different educational methodologies, beyond the perception of the health needs of the comunity. It is noticed that, despite being verified the importance of educational activities, they are not performed in order to approach the broader concept of health used by the World Health Organization. There is a lack of realization by the nurses, a self-assessment on practices of health education developed by them to try to understand the real reasons for the rejection of the population of such activities. Moreover, it is necessary that the government expand their assessment of health education FHS and to conduct continuing education activities, covering topics relevant to the construction of educational activities.