Do evolucionismo darwiniano à psicanálise freudiana

Abstract

The present study aims to systematize and analyze, through two reviews of national literature, scientific evidence that relates Darwinian evolutionism to psychoanalytic praxis, as conceived by Sigmund Freud. The dissertation is presented in the format of two independent articles and interconnected by the object, namely, the presence of Darwinian evolutionism in Freudian psychoanalysis. The importance of this discussion in psychoanalytic literature and its connections is highlighted, given its fundamental nature for understanding the epistemological bases of psychoanalysis. The work is divided into two objectives, each of them referred respectively to the two articles: a) identify and contextualize evidence and impact of Darwinian evolutionism in the work of Sigmund Freud, through a systematic review of the national specialized literature in the last two decades; b) investigate, also in the national literature, the discussion about Freudian concepts and their relationship with the Darwinian theory of evolution. As a result of the first article, it is indicated that the relationship of Darwinian evolutionism with Freudian psychoanalysis permeates two domains: 1) the presence of Darwinian evolutionism and the evolutionary model in academic training and in the formalization of Freud's work; 2) the presence of Darwinian evolutionism as a resource. As a result of the second article, two concepts stand out. The concept of Trieb, object of great attention in most of the studies collected, presents itself as a valuable path for conceptual dialogue between evolutionary biology and psychoanalysis. The second concept, death drive, is also highlighted, although it deserves more research investment. All these perspectives range from Freud's publications in his relationship with Darwin to new ways of thinking about the incidence of evolutionary grounds in the constitution of psychoanalysis.