Autocuidado de mulheres e homens com estomas intestinais mediado pela aromaterapia a luz da teoria de Dorothea Orem

Abstract

The present study has the general objective of understanding the perceptions of women and men with intestinal stomas about self-care mediated by aromatherapy. This is a study qualitative, comprehensive nature, which included six women and five men with intestinal stomas treated at a reference unit in Bahia, Brazil and six evaluative stoma therapy nurses. Data production involved different techniques. To this end, data collection went through three phases: 1. Application of a semi-structured form, composed of closed and open questions about sociodemographic data and data on the knowledge/perception and previous use of aromatherapy; 2. Intervention, through application of essential oils for four weeks, as a self-care practice to be experienced. For this phase, Care-Educational Technologies were created (clinical instruments for guide the nurse's assistance in the application of aromatherapy); 3. Individual interview hybrid, in-depth, technology-mediated - telephone call, audio messages, video and text via the WhatsApp® chat application to capture content about perceptions of self-care mediated by aromatherapy. This context occurred in eight moments (on average) for each participant, in a movement of teleconsultation/telemonitoring. The data was organized and systematized in files own, involving internal validation by researchers from the group proposing the study, subjected to Reflective Thematic Content Analysis, proposed by Braun and Clarke and interpreted in light of Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Theory. As results it was prepared a proposal for a clinical-nursing care instrument for initial and care plan for implementing aromatherapy with women and men with intestinal stomas. The instrument was composed of the items: Nursing History - initial assessment (sociodemographic and aromatherapy-related data and clinical findings; Priority Nursing Diagnoses; Priority Nursing Results; Priority Nursing Interventions; Assessment/Monitoring and documentation clinic. Nursing prescription with the essential oils proposed for the study, structured based on Nursing Diagnoses (NANDA-I), Nursing Outcomes (NOC - Classification of Nursing Outcomes), and Nursing Interventions (NIC - Classification of Nursing Interventions), considering the assumptions of the Nursing Theory Adopted nursing. The themes defined to explain the phenomenon based on the reports presented brought the Initial Generator Theme called: “Self-care mediated by aromatherapy” which, based on the assumptions of D. Orem’s self-care theory, derived six themes: 1 - Feeling good about yourself again; 2 - Sleeping more and better is restorative; 3 - Controlling emotions leads to achieving psycho-emotional well-being; 4 - Reduce discomfort physical motivates adherence to self-care; 5 - Expand self-care actions to control physical discomforts not related to the stoma; 6 - Avoid gastrointestinal discomfort and change the learned care. Adherence to self-care through aromatherapy contributed to promote standards of physical and emotional well-being of participants, enabling self-care capacity beyond the intestinal stoma. In addition to supporting planning care from specialist nurses and a stoma therapist.