A alma na República de Platão: o logistikón como condição para a ação justa

Abstract

In this work we will analyze how Plato develops the theory of the tripartition of the soul in the Republic, in Book IV. At first, we will analyze each part of the human soul, with the aim of identifying whether it is possible to say that fair action occupies a specific part. In the second moment of this work, we will explain the path that the soul takes to reach the state of knowledge - states of the soul -, in book VI of the Republic. Finally, we will use books V, VI, and VII of the Republic to analyze the method of dialectic, considered by Plato as a science, which allows the soul dialogically to perform justice and tell the truth. To carry out this task well, we will use an interpretation of the original text, with the help of the secondary bibliography, as well as significant fragments of other dialogues by Plato, in addition to several specialist authors who help us in the understanding this specific theme, that of the soul. Our aim is to show that true discourse is only possible by the rational part of the logistikón, responsible for ordering and balancing the other two parts of the soul (epithimetikón) and (thimoeidés), since the logistikón is part of the psykhé capable of performing the functions of reasoning, apprehend, discern, judge, and know the Form of Good.