Proteção das Marias do Brasil: estudo sobre políticas públicas de enfrentamento à violência contra a mulher no período 1988-2022

Abstract

This thesis aims to understand the dynamics of the agenda of public policies to combat violence against women in Brazil in the period 1988-2022, a field still little explored and directly impacted by the increasing number of cases of violence registered in recent decades. Theoretical choices involve the formation of an agenda (agenda-setting) and public policies (public policy), at federal and state levels, highlighting in this study the actions for the effective protection of women, enacted by the Federal Constitution of 1988, marked for the performance of the constituent women and materialization of the Women's Charter. Another important milestone was the approval of the Maria da Penha Law and, later, the implementation of the Law with the National Policy to Combat Violence against Women. The methodology used was qualitative, descriptive and exploratory, seeking to carry out a wide field research with historical information and public policies, at federal and state levels in execution. The set of analyzes of the public policy agenda made it possible to understand the complex process of the theme's rise on the agenda and its developments with a focus on historical, federal and state analyses. We obtained significant responses from the Ministry of Women that ratify the government's effort to implement actions that effectively protect women and encourage states to develop actions in partnership. And in a very relevant way, the response to the questionnaires by 25 Federative Units, which allowed us to identify the main actions in progress: Specialized Police Stations for Women's Assistance (DEAM), Call 180, Patrols Maria da Penha and Casa da Mulher Brazilian. In addition, we identified good practices and actions that can be replicated, such as the virtual DEAM, the panic button on the cell phone application, actions focused on the resocialization of the aggressor, among others. Finally, the construction of a timeline of the last three decades of the actions implemented to face violence against women, which demonstrated that we still have a great challenge in the face of the growing numbers of domestic violence and femicide in Brazil, but the continuity in the execution of preventive and repressive actions are fundamental for the results to be effective and for women to feel safe to denounce and break the cycle of violence.