Déficit no autocuidado para higiene oral: teoria de enfermagem de médio alcance

Abstract

This study aimed to develop a Mid-Range Nursing Theory on self-care for oral hygiene. This is a theoretical study that analyzed the concept of 'self-care for oral hygiene' based on the Walker and Avant model, having as an empirical basis a scoping review according to guidelines from the Joanna Briggs Institute with searches in the databases PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Virtual Health Library, and specific databases for gray literature. The concept analysis was anchored in Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Theory. A nursing diagnosis was then developed based on NANDA-I and the Theory of Self-Care and Self-Care Deficit. From the development of the nursing diagnosis, the theoretical proposal was created through a methodological strategy developed by Brandão and Santana using NANDA-I Terminology, the NIC and NOC taxonomies and anchored in Orem's theories. The scoping review consisted of 51 studies and described the attributes of self-care for oral hygiene as physical-functional capacity (cleaning teeth, tongue, gums, interdental and dental prosthesis and using antiseptics), executive (planning, handling hygiene aids oral hygiene, initiate self-care actions with sequencing of activities and regularly visit a dental professional) and develop skills (knowledge and adaptation to new knowledge) for a person to perform their oral hygiene. The antecedent factors were revealed, related to the physical-functional, cognitive, psychological, and environmental requirements, and the consequent factors were presented especially as measures to avoid and control oral diseases. The concept analysis supported the development of the nursing diagnosis of deficit in self-care for oral hygiene, revealing 18 defining characteristics, nine related factors, five associated conditions, and five indicators of a population at risk. Therefore, the Medium-Range Nursing Theory of Self-Care Deficit for Oral Hygiene - TEDACHO was developed. TEDACHO contributes to achieving diagnoses in NANDA-I with better levels of evidence through theoretical-causal validation, helping to create science in Nursing and a more assertive Nursing Process to promote oral health, impacting the quality of life of people and in support of public policies to prevent oral diseases.