Um estudo do uso integrado de tecnologias BIM-FM para manutenção de edifícios históricos

Abstract

The research addresses the integration between Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Facility Management (FM) technologies to support maintenance activities in historic buildings. It seeks to identify points that can be improved in the maintenance management process with the use of BIM-FM software within a proposed workflow and guidelines for preparing information requirements and the corresponding deliverable models. The methodology is based on bibliographical research, case study and practical experimentation, involving documentary research, geometric data capture and BIM-FM integration as support for maintenance services and an investigation into good practices for Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM). Integration technologies and support tools are also studied, with the discussion of formats and files for information interoperability between different applications and open standard formats such as IFC and COBie. They also deal with aspects of the organization of construction information for BIM modeling such as classification systems and the study of support techniques, such as taxonomy and ontology. HBIM specifications, such as the LODIA Protocol (related to the levels of detail, information and accuracy of a BIM model) are analyzed, along with practices and methods for capturing geometric data. Furthermore, application examples, such as the Inception, BIMLegacy and HeritageCare projects, are explored to illustrate the implementation of BIM-FM in historical contexts. Finally, the case study and experimentation developed are presented, which address the process of integrating the BIM model for the maintenance management of historic building. The Dalux FM software is used to study geometric and semantic data integration processes of the BIM model developed in Revit. The practical part of the research involved carrying out several steps, such as collecting semantic data, capturing the building's geometry, BIM modeling, semantic enrichment and interoperability tests to define a workflow with guidelines for information requirements. The maintenance management system in use at UFBA, Sistema Integrado de Patrimônio, Administração e Contratos (SIPAC), and Dalux FM are compared. At the end of the work, it is concluded that the use of integrated BIM-FM technologies emerges as an important technique for managing historical heritage maintenance services. However, some challenges are identified, from specific aspects such as the loss of textures in the BIM model after its export to the FM software and the unintuitive interface of the FM application, to more comprehensive points, such as the need for continuous information feeding into the system and considerable investment in staff training.