Efeitos da orientação parental: suporte familiar e bem-estar de crianças com dislexia

Abstract

The multidimensional impact of dyslexia can affect not only reading performance, but also emotional development, the family environment and the child's perceptions of themselves. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a cognitive-behavioral parenting intervention on the family environment and well-being of children with dyslexia. This dissertation is part of the completion of the Professional Master's Degree in Health Psychology in the line of research Human Development and Educational Practices in Health and is composed of three independent articles. Article 1: Systematic literature review to investigate the evidence already produced in Brazil on the effect of intervention programs for behavioral management carried out through guidance from parents or teachers. The results showed that the intervention programs analyzed were effective in managing children's behavior problems at home and at school, however, in the national literature there is a lack of research in this area that presents a comparison design between intervention and control groups, which would increase the reliability of the results of the guidance programs developed. Article 2: The objective of the second article was to investigate the relationship between family climate and the perception of well-being of children with persistent difficulties in learning to read. 36 children from the 2nd to 6th year of elementary school participated in the research. Correlation and multiple linear regression analyzes were performed to analyze the results. There was a negative, significant correlation with a moderate effect size between the perception of a negative family climate and performance in reading pseudowords (r = - 0.36; p < 0.05); and positive, significant and moderate-strong correlation between the Positive Family Climate and the perception of the Compared Self (r = 0.40; p < 0.05). Family climate was a significant predictor of children's perception of the Compared Self (R = 0.40; p < 0.01).Article 3: In this article the objective was to investigate the effects of a parental guidance program for reduction of behavioral problems and quality of life, adapted for fathers and mothers of children with dyslexia. The program lasted eight sessions and was based on the cognitive-behavioral parent training intervention model. Four mothers, four fathers and their respective children participated in the program, all diagnosed with dyslexia. Participants completed instruments to assess family climate, intelligence, reading performance, quality of life and child behavior problems, before and after the intervention. The results were analyzed using the Jacobson and Truax Method (JT) and the calculated Reliable Change Index indicated that the changes found post-test can be attributed to the proposed intervention program, demonstrating its clinical applicability. In addition to the articles, the products of this dissertation were: a) The parental intervention program for parents/guardians of children with dyslexia; b) A short course based on the model of the proposed intervention program, selected in the Call for Support for Postgraduate Extension 2023; c) Two playful resources developed, using programming and educational robotics with the aim of assisting in clinical and pedagogical interventions to stimulate reading skills in children with or without learning difficulties.